The projection can answer "should I convert, how much, and until when?" against your real balances and the full tax model, not a rule of thumb.
- Get the tax facts right first: filing status, state rate, and birth years in your Profile. Conversions live or die on brackets and RMD timing.
- On Projection, open Money flow and turn on Roth conversions. Pick a strategy: fill to a ceiling (a bracket top, or an IRMAA cliff, with the plan converting just enough each year) or custom amounts per age range.
- Read the result across the page: lifetime tax and ending balances in the KPI strip and Detail table, the conversion flow in the money-flow chart. Compare against a no-conversion scenario. Save each as its own plan and flip between them.
- Let the optimizer search: in Explore, the Roth conversion optimizer sweeps fill levels for the plan you set and ranks candidates by plan success, with median ending value and lifetime tax beside them so you can weigh the tradeoff.
Watch two cliffs the model knows about: the ACA subsidy before 65 (one dollar too many can cost a year's subsidy) and IRMAA at 63+ (Medicare premiums look back two years). And remember the projection's tax scope, which is simplified on purpose. Confirm a real conversion with your tax professional.